Name Generator Central

CSE Name-Year Citation Generator

Correctly Formatted CSE Name-Year Citations

Academia, Science & Knowledge500 curated namesUpdated Free · no sign-up

Tap a name to copy it500 names in this generator

Generate example CSE (Council of Science Editors) name-year citations: in-text parentheticals like (Okafor 2019) and (Nguyen and Patel 2021), narrative forms, multi-source citations, organizational authors, and full end-reference entries for journal articles, books, chapters, dissertations, reports, datasets and websites.

About cse name names

The Council of Science Editors style (Scientific Style and Format, 8th edition) is the house style of most biology, ecology, and geoscience journals, and it comes in three flavors: citation-sequence, citation-name, and name-year. Name-year is the one that looks like APA at a glance but has its own rules. In text you write the author's surname and year with no comma between them, (Okafor 2019); two authors are joined with 'and', not an ampersand, (Nguyen and Patel 2021); three or more authors become the first surname plus 'et al.' with no comma, (Rasmussen et al. 2018). Several sources in one parenthesis are separated by semicolons; same-author, same-year works get letters, (Chen 2022a, 2022b).

End references are alphabetized by first author and formatted with initials but no periods, no quotation marks around titles, and abbreviated journal names: Okafor CN. 2019. Nitrogen fixation in tropical legume rhizospheres. Plant Soil. 441(2):233-247. Books add place and publisher; websites add [Internet], an accessed date, and the URL; organizational authors are cited by acronym in text with the full name in the reference list. The examples here cover all of those forms.

When in doubt, check the target journal's author guidelines, since many CSE journals tweak details such as DOI placement or the number of authors listed before et al.

Tips for choosing a name

  • Match the in-text form to the author count: (Surname Year) for one, (Surname and Surname Year) for two, (Surname et al. Year) for three or more; never use an ampersand in CSE.
  • In the end reference list, invert every author (surname then initials with no periods), list up to ten authors before 'et al.', and put the year immediately after the author names.
  • Abbreviate journal titles using the NLM Catalog abbreviations (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, not PNAS or the full title) and omit periods inside the abbreviation.
  • Cite organizations by acronym in text, e.g. (WHO 2020), and spell out the full name followed by the acronym in the reference list so readers can find it alphabetically.
  • For web sources include [Internet], the publisher and place, the update date if shown, an accessed date, and the URL or DOI.

Frequently asked questions

How does a CSE name-year in-text citation look?

Author surname and year inside parentheses with no comma: (Okafor 2019). Two authors use 'and' (Nguyen and Patel 2021), and three or more use the first author plus et al. (Rasmussen et al. 2018). Multiple sources are separated by semicolons and listed by year.

What is the difference between CSE name-year and citation-sequence?

Name-year cites author and date in text and alphabetizes the reference list. Citation-sequence uses superscript numbers in the order sources appear and numbers the reference list in that same order. Citation-name numbers references alphabetically.

How do I format a CSE end reference for a journal article?

Author(s). Year. Article title. Abbreviated journal title. Volume(issue):page range. For example: Kowalski MJ. 2017. Antibiotic resistance genes in urban wastewater. Water Res. 122:210-221. Add the DOI at the end if the journal requests it.

Are the citations here real sources?

No. Authors, titles, and page numbers are invented to demonstrate correct CSE formatting. Use them as templates and replace the details with your actual sources; always verify against Scientific Style and Format, 8th edition, or your journal's guidelines.

All 500 cse name names

Browse the full list
  • (Okafor 2015)
  • (Nguyen 2016)
  • (Patel 2017)
  • (Rasmussen 2018)
  • (Kowalski 2019)
  • (Fernandez 2020)
  • (Yamamoto 2021)
  • (Abubakar 2022)
  • (Lindqvist 2023)
  • (Chen 2024)
  • (Osei 2025)
  • (Ivanova 2015)
  • (Delgado 2016)
  • (Marchetti 2017)
  • (Haddad 2018)
  • (Kaur 2019)
  • (Ferreira 2020)
  • (Novak 2021)
  • (Achterberg 2022)
  • (Mbeki 2023)
  • (Sato 2024)
  • (Oyelaran 2025)
  • (Bergström 2015)
  • (Vasquez 2016)
  • (Kimura 2017)
  • (Alvarado 2018)
  • (Whitfield 2019)
  • (Nakamura 2020)
  • (Sørensen 2021)
  • (Castellano 2022)
  • (Ramaswamy 2023)
  • (Dubois 2024)
  • (Adeyemi 2025)
  • (Petrov 2015)
  • (Holloway 2016)
  • (Tanaka 2017)
  • (Moreau 2018)
  • (Zhang 2019)
  • (Brennan 2020)
  • (Okonkwo 2021)
  • (Halvorsen and Ibrahim 2022)
  • (Rojas and Schneider 2023)
  • (Mensah and Fitzgerald 2024)
  • (Yilmaz and Bakker 2025)
  • (Cardoso and Ahmadi 2015)
  • (Wojcik and Larsson 2016)
  • (Herrera and Kobayashi 2017)
  • (Anand and Grant 2018)
  • (Ndlovu and Rossi 2019)
  • (Villanueva and McAllister 2020)
  • (Sung and Ekwueme 2021)
  • (Fontaine et al. 2022)
  • (Iversen et al. 2023)
  • (Kapoor et al. 2024)
  • (Steinberg et al. 2025)
  • (Ortega et al. 2015)
  • (Weber et al. 2016)
  • (Takahashi et al. 2017)
  • (Ruiz et al. 2018)
  • (Olsen et al. 2019)
  • (Bianchi et al. 2020)
  • (Choudhury et al. 2021)
  • (Almeida et al. 2022)
  • (Diallo et al. 2023)
  • (Nakagawa et al. 2024)
  • (Rahman et al. 2025)
  • (Costa et al. 2015)
  • (Wallace et al. 2016)
  • (Zimmerman et al. 2017)
  • (Okafor 2019; Nguyen and Patel 2021)
  • (Rasmussen et al. 2018, 2020)
  • (Chen 2022a, 2022b)
  • (Kowalski 2017; Yamamoto et al. 2019; Osei 2023)
  • (Delgado and Marchetti 2016; Haddad 2020)
  • (Lindqvist 2015, 2018, 2021)
  • (Fernandez et al. 2022; Kaur 2024)
  • (Ivanova 2019; Novak et al. 2020; Sato 2021)
  • (Abubakar 2023a, 2023b, 2023c)
  • (Ferreira and Achterberg 2017; Mbeki et al. 2019)
  • Okafor (2019) reported
  • Nguyen and Patel (2021) found
  • Rasmussen et al. (2018) showed
  • Chen (2022a) argued
  • Kowalski (2017) observed
  • Yamamoto et al. (2019) demonstrated
  • Osei (2023) concluded
  • Delgado and Marchetti (2016) proposed
  • Haddad (2020) measured
  • Kaur (2024) reviewed
  • According to Lindqvist (2015)
  • As Ivanova (2019) noted
  • Novak et al. (2020) estimated
  • Sato (2021) described
  • Abubakar (2023b) confirmed
  • Ferreira and Achterberg (2017) suggested
  • Mbeki et al. (2019) documented
  • Bergström (2022) reported
  • Vasquez et al. (2016) sampled
  • Kimura and Alvarado (2018) compared
  • ([IPCC] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2021)
  • ([WHO] World Health Organization 2020)
  • ([CDC] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2019)
  • ([NASA] National Aeronautics and Space Administration 2022)
  • ([USDA] United States Department of Agriculture 2018)
  • ([NIH] National Institutes of Health 2023)
  • (Anonymous 2017)
  • (Smith [date unknown])
  • (Jones, unpublished data)
  • (Okafor, personal communication)
  • (Chen, forthcoming)
  • (Patel 2020, p. 45)
  • (Nguyen 2019, fig. 3)
  • (Rasmussen et al. 2021, table 2)
  • (Kowalski 2018, chap. 4)
  • Okafor CN. 2019. Nitrogen fixation in tropical legume rhizospheres. Plant Soil. 441(2):233-247.
  • Nguyen TH, Patel RK. 2021. Coral bleaching thresholds under repeated thermal stress. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 662:115-128.
  • Rasmussen JL, Lindqvist A, Chen W. 2018. Genome-wide association of drought tolerance in barley. Theor Appl Genet. 131(6):1207-1219.
  • Chen W. 2022a. Microplastic ingestion by estuarine zooplankton. Environ Pollut. 298:118-129.
  • Chen W. 2022b. Seasonal variation in microplastic loads. Sci Total Environ. 806:150-162.
  • Kowalski MJ. 2017. Antibiotic resistance genes in urban wastewater. Water Res. 122:210-221.
  • Yamamoto K, Sato H, Kimura T. 2019. Circadian regulation of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 31(4):895-910.
  • Osei EK. 2023. Bat community responses to agricultural intensification in West Africa. Biol Conserv. 279:109-121.
  • Delgado P, Marchetti L. 2016. Soil carbon storage in restored grasslands. Ecol Appl. 26(3):702-714.
  • Haddad R. 2020. Groundwater recharge estimation using stable isotopes. Hydrol Process. 34(12):2711-2724.
  • Kaur S. 2024. CRISPR-based diagnostics for plant pathogens: a review. Annu Rev Phytopathol. 62:145-168.
  • Lindqvist A. 2015. Predator-prey dynamics in boreal forest mammals. J Anim Ecol. 84(5):1235-1247.
  • Ivanova EP. 2019. Cold-adapted enzymes from Antarctic bacteria. Extremophiles. 23(4):411-423.
  • Novak J, Bakker H, Weber F. 2020. Pollinator decline across European farmland. Nature. 582(7811):215-219.
  • Sato H. 2021. Deep-sea hydrothermal vent microbiomes. ISME J. 15(3):654-668.
  • Abubakar I. 2023a. Malaria vector resistance to pyrethroids in northern Nigeria. Malar J. 22:118.
  • Ferreira M, Achterberg J. 2017. Ocean acidification effects on larval bivalves. Limnol Oceanogr. 62(2):543-556.
  • Mbeki T, Ndlovu S, Diallo A. 2019. Rangeland degradation and pastoral livelihoods. J Arid Environ. 168:22-31.
  • Bergström L. 2022. Wolf recolonization and ungulate browsing pressure. Wildl Biol. 2022(3):e01043.
  • Vasquez R, Rojas C, Herrera D, Ortega M. 2016. Andean glacier retreat, 1980-2015. Cryosphere. 10(4):1723-1735.
  • Kimura T, Alvarado J. 2018. Thermal tolerance of intertidal gastropods. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol. 501:45-52.
  • Whitfield JR. 2020. Neural correlates of spatial memory in food-caching birds. J Neurosci. 40(15):3021-3033.
  • Nakamura Y. 2017. Sediment transport in tidal estuaries. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci. 195:33-44.
  • Sørensen K, Halvorsen E, Olsen P. 2021. Kelp forest recovery after sea urchin removal. Ecology. 102(6):e03349.
  • Castellano G. 2019. Fungal endophytes and drought resilience in maize. New Phytol. 224(2):790-803.
  • Ramaswamy V. 2023. Aerosol forcing uncertainty in climate models. J Clim. 36(9):2811-2828.
  • Dubois C, Moreau A. 2015. Bat echolocation call plasticity in urban environments. Behav Ecol. 26(4):1044-1052.
  • Adeyemi O, Okonkwo N, Ekwueme C. 2022. Cassava mosaic disease surveillance in Nigeria. Plant Dis. 106(4):1105-1114.
  • Petrov DA. 2018. Mutation rate variation across Drosophila populations. Genetics. 209(2):519-531.
  • Holloway BR. 2016. Amphibian chytrid prevalence in montane streams. Dis Aquat Organ. 118(3):215-224.
  • Tanaka M, Takahashi R. 2020. Marine heatwaves and seagrass mortality. Glob Change Biol. 26(8):4321-4335.
  • Zhang L. 2024. Soil microbial diversity under no-till agriculture. Soil Biol Biochem. 189:109-121.
  • Brennan K, Fitzgerald M. 2017. Peatland carbon fluxes after rewetting. Biogeosciences. 14(11):2827-2841.
  • Ibrahim S. 2021. Heat stress physiology in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 104(5):5522-5535.
  • Schneider U, Zimmerman P, Steinberg L. 2019. Long-term nitrogen deposition and forest growth. For Ecol Manag. 445:1-12.
  • Mensah A. 2023. Cocoa agroforestry and bird diversity in Ghana. Agrofor Syst. 97(2):287-301.
  • Yilmaz B. 2015. Seismic hazard assessment of the North Anatolian Fault. Bull Seismol Soc Am. 105(4):2038-2050.
  • Cardoso F, Almeida R, Costa J. 2018. Amazon deforestation and regional rainfall. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 115(6):1287-1292.
  • Ahmadi N. 2020. Wheat rust resistance gene mapping. Crop Sci. 60(3):1420-1432.
  • Wojcik P. 2022. Urban heat island mitigation with green roofs. Urban For Urban Green. 68:127-138.
  • Larsson E, Iversen T. 2016. Reindeer grazing and tundra vegetation change. Arct Antarct Alp Res. 48(2):345-358.
  • Kobayashi A. 2019. Salmon migration timing and river temperature. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 76(8):1355-1366.
  • Anand P, Kapoor R, Choudhury S. 2021. Air pollution and lung function in Delhi schoolchildren. Environ Health Perspect. 129(4):047008.
  • Grant HL. 2017. Fire regimes in Australian eucalypt woodlands. Austral Ecol. 42(5):551-562.
  • Rossi M, Bianchi G. 2023. Olive quick decline syndrome epidemiology. Phytopathology. 113(2):210-222.
  • Villanueva J. 2018. Mangrove restoration success in the Philippines. Restor Ecol. 26(1):108-117.
  • McAllister D. 2020. Antimicrobial peptides from frog skin. J Nat Prod. 83(6):1899-1908.
  • Sung J, Nakagawa K. 2016. Autophagy regulation in yeast under nitrogen starvation. Mol Biol Cell. 27(9):1445-1457.
  • Fontaine E. 2022. Bee gut microbiome and pesticide tolerance. Proc R Soc B. 289(1970):20212345.
  • Wallace TA, Rahman M. 2024. Sea level rise and salt marsh migration. Nat Clim Change. 14(2):155-162.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2021. Climate change 2021: the physical science basis. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). 2020. Global tuberculosis report 2020. Geneva (Switzerland): WHO.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2019. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019. Atlanta (GA): US Department of Health and Human Services.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH). 2023. Data management and sharing policy [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): NIH; [accessed 2024 Mar 4]. https://sharing.nih.gov/
  • Okafor CN, Nguyen TH. 2020. Field methods in tropical soil ecology. 2nd ed. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press.
  • Patel RK, editor. 2018. Advances in coral reef science. New York (NY): Springer.
  • Rasmussen JL. 2019. Barley genomics. In: Chen W, editor. Cereal crop improvement. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. p. 145-172.
  • Kowalski MJ. 2016. Wastewater resistomes [dissertation]. Warsaw (Poland): University of Warsaw.
  • Yamamoto K. 2021. Leaf senescence and the circadian clock [Internet]. Kyoto (Japan): Kyoto University; [updated 2022 Jan 15; accessed 2023 Aug 2]. https://example.ac.jp/senescence
  • Osei EK, Mensah A. 2022. Bats of West African farmland: a field guide. Accra (Ghana): Ghana Wildlife Society.
  • Delgado P. 2017 Jun 3. Grassland restoration and carbon. Sci Am [Internet]. [accessed 2018 Feb 10]. https://www.scientificamerican.com/
  • Haddad R, Ibrahim S. 2023. Isotope hydrology of arid aquifers. Paper presented at: 45th International Hydrology Conference; 2023 Sep 12-15; Amman, Jordan.
  • Kaur S, Anand P. 2019. Plant pathogen detection kit. United States patent US 10,234,567. 2019 Mar 19.
  • Lindqvist A, Bergström L. 2020. Boreal mammal survey data 2010-2019 [dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.example
  • Ivanova EP. 2018. Psychrophilic enzymes. In: Encyclopedia of microbiology. 4th ed. Vol. 3. Amsterdam (Netherlands): Elsevier. p. 620-631.
  • Novak J. 2015. Bees, farms and pesticides. Nat Geogr. 227(5):48-63.
  • Sato H, Tanaka M. 2024. Vent microbiome atlas [software]. Version 2.1. Tokyo (Japan): JAMSTEC.
  • Abubakar I. 2023b. Insecticide resistance surveillance in Anopheles gambiae [technical report]. Abuja (Nigeria): National Malaria Elimination Programme. Report No.: NMEP-2023-04.
  • Ferreira M. 2022. Bivalve larval physiology. Front Mar Sci. 9:889012. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.889012
  • Mbeki T. 2016. Pastoralism in a changing climate [master's thesis]. Cape Town (South Africa): University of Cape Town.
  • Anonymous. 2017. Editorial: reproducibility in ecology. Ecol Lett. 20(1):1-2.
  • Vasquez R. [date unknown]. Glacier monitoring protocol. Lima (Peru): Instituto Nacional de Glaciares.
  • Kimura T. c2020. Intertidal thermal biology [Internet]. Sapporo (Japan): Hokkaido University; [accessed 2021 May 6]. https://example.ac.jp/intertidal
  • Whitfield JR, Holloway BR, Grant HL, Wallace TA, Brennan K, McAllister D, Fitzgerald M, Sung J, Fontaine E, Zhang L, et al. 2021. Consortium report on avian cognition. Anim Cogn. 24(2):301-315.
  • Nakamura Y, Sørensen K. 2018. Estuarine sediment dynamics. Rev Geophys. 56(3):512-548.
  • (Adebayo 2015)
  • (Bhattacharya 2016)
  • (Cisneros 2017)
  • (Dimitrov 2018)
  • (Eriksen 2019)
  • (Farouk 2020)
  • (Gallagher 2021)
  • (Hashimoto 2022)
  • (Iqbal 2023)
  • (Jensen 2024)
  • (Kaminski 2025)
  • (Lombardi 2015)
  • (Mwangi 2016)
  • (Nkemelu 2017)
  • (Oduya 2018)
  • (Pereira 2019)
  • (Quintero 2020)
  • (Reyes 2021)
  • (Suzuki 2022)
  • (Thorne 2023)
  • (Uddin 2024)
  • (Varga 2025)
  • (Wilkins 2015)
  • (Xu 2016)
  • (Yusuf 2017)
  • (Zielinski 2018)
  • (Andersson 2019)
  • (Baptiste 2020)
  • (Callahan 2021)
  • (Dorsey 2022)
  • (Esposito 2023)
  • (Fujimoto 2024)
  • (Gonzalez 2025)
  • (Hoffmann 2015)
  • (Ilunga 2016)
  • (Jorgensen 2017)
  • (Karim 2018)
  • (Lehtonen 2019)
  • (Mahmood 2020)
  • (Nyström 2021)
  • (Ochieng 2022)
  • (Prakash 2023)
  • (Rahimi 2024)
  • (Salazar 2025)
  • (Tremblay 2015)
  • (Ueda 2016)
  • (Vieira 2017)
  • (Wagner 2018)
  • (Yoon 2019)
  • (Zuñiga 2020)
  • (Abrahamsen 2021)
  • (Banerjee 2022)
  • (Chowdhury 2023)
  • (Dlamini 2024)
  • (Engel 2025)
  • (Fabbri 2016)
  • (Grigoryan 2017)
  • (Hussain 2018)
  • (Ishikawa 2019)
  • (Jankowski 2020)
  • (Kekana 2021)
  • (Laurent 2022)
  • (Mendoza 2023)
  • (Njoroge 2024)
  • (Ohlsson 2025)
  • (Adebayo and Mwangi 2016)
  • (Bhattacharya and Thorne 2017)
  • (Cisneros and Hashimoto 2018)
  • (Dimitrov and Reyes 2019)
  • (Eriksen and Farouk 2020)
  • (Gallagher and Suzuki 2021)
  • (Iqbal and Lombardi 2022)
  • (Jensen and Nkemelu 2023)
  • (Kaminski and Oduya 2024)
  • (Pereira and Uddin 2025)
  • (Quintero and Xu 2015)
  • (Varga and Wilkins 2016)
  • (Yusuf and Andersson 2017)
  • (Zielinski and Baptiste 2018)
  • (Callahan and Esposito 2019)
  • (Dorsey and Fujimoto 2020)
  • (Gonzalez and Ilunga 2021)
  • (Hoffmann and Karim 2022)
  • (Jorgensen and Mahmood 2023)
  • (Lehtonen and Ochieng 2024)
  • (Nyström and Rahimi 2025)
  • (Prakash and Tremblay 2015)
  • (Salazar and Vieira 2016)
  • (Ueda and Yoon 2017)
  • (Wagner and Abrahamsen 2018)
  • (Zuñiga and Chowdhury 2019)
  • (Banerjee and Engel 2020)
  • (Dlamini and Grigoryan 2021)
  • (Fabbri and Ishikawa 2022)
  • (Hussain and Kekana 2023)
  • (Jankowski and Mendoza 2024)
  • (Laurent and Ohlsson 2025)
  • (Njoroge and Adebayo 2015)
  • (Adebayo 2016; Bhattacharya and Thorne 2017)
  • (Cisneros et al. 2018; Dimitrov 2019)
  • (Eriksen 2019, 2021)
  • (Farouk 2020a, 2020b)
  • (Gallagher 2021; Hashimoto et al. 2022; Iqbal 2023)
  • (Jensen and Nkemelu 2023; Kaminski 2024)
  • (Lombardi 2015, 2017, 2019)
  • (Mwangi et al. 2017; Oduya 2018; Pereira and Uddin 2020)
  • (Quintero 2020a, 2020b, 2020c)
  • (Reyes 2021; Suzuki 2022)
  • (Thorne et al. 2019, 2022)
  • (Varga 2016; Wilkins and Xu 2018; Yusuf et al. 2021)
  • (Zielinski 2018; Andersson 2019)
  • (Baptiste and Callahan 2020; Dorsey et al. 2022)
  • (Esposito 2023a, 2023b)
  • (Fujimoto 2024; Gonzalez 2025)
  • (Hoffmann 2015; Ilunga and Jorgensen 2017; Karim et al. 2019)
  • (Lehtonen 2019, 2020, 2022)
  • (Mahmood and Nyström 2021; Ochieng 2022)
  • (Prakash et al. 2023; Rahimi 2024; Salazar and Tremblay 2025)
  • (Ueda 2016; Vieira 2017; Wagner 2018)
  • (Yoon and Zuñiga 2019; Abrahamsen et al. 2021)
  • (Banerjee 2022a, 2022b; Chowdhury 2023)
  • (Dlamini 2024; Engel et al. 2025)
  • (Fabbri and Grigoryan 2016; Hussain 2018; Ishikawa et al. 2020)
  • (Jankowski 2020; Kekana 2021; Laurent 2022; Mendoza 2023)
  • (Njoroge et al. 2024; Ohlsson 2025)
  • Adebayo (2016) reported
  • Bhattacharya and Thorne (2017) found
  • Cisneros et al. (2018) showed
  • Dimitrov (2019) argued
  • Eriksen (2021) observed
  • Farouk et al. (2020a) demonstrated
  • Gallagher (2021) concluded
  • Hashimoto and Suzuki (2022) proposed
  • Iqbal (2023) measured
  • Jensen (2024) reviewed
  • According to Kaminski (2015)
  • As Lombardi (2017) noted
  • Mwangi et al. (2017) estimated
  • Nkemelu (2018) described
  • Oduya (2019) confirmed
  • Pereira and Uddin (2020) suggested
  • Quintero et al. (2021) documented
  • Reyes (2021) reported
  • Suzuki et al. (2022) sampled
  • Thorne and Varga (2023) compared
  • Wilkins (2015) hypothesized
  • Xu et al. (2016) modeled
  • Yusuf (2017) surveyed
  • Zielinski and Baptiste (2018) tested
  • Andersson et al. (2019) mapped
  • Callahan (2020) quantified
  • Dorsey and Fujimoto (2021) analyzed
  • Esposito et al. (2022) predicted
  • Gonzalez (2023) sequenced
  • Hoffmann and Karim (2024) recorded
  • Ilunga et al. (2025) characterized
  • In a study by Jorgensen (2019)
  • As reported by Lehtonen et al. (2020)
  • Mahmood (2021) later revised
  • Nyström and Rahimi (2022) replicated
  • Ochieng et al. (2023) cautioned
  • Prakash (2024) questioned
  • Salazar and Tremblay (2025) extended
  • Ueda et al. (2016) first described
  • Vieira (2017) established
  • Wagner and Yoon (2018) calculated
  • Zuñiga et al. (2019) tracked
  • Abrahamsen (2020) synthesized
  • Banerjee and Chowdhury (2021) monitored
  • Dlamini et al. (2022) evaluated
  • Engel (2023) simulated
  • Fabbri and Grigoryan (2024) identified
  • Hussain et al. (2025) isolated
  • Ishikawa (2016) inferred
  • Jankowski and Kekana (2017) contrasted
  • Laurent et al. (2018) reconstructed
  • Mendoza (2019) reanalyzed
  • Njoroge and Ohlsson (2020) validated
  • ([FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2019)
  • ([UNEP] United Nations Environment Programme 2022)
  • ([EPA] Environmental Protection Agency 2021)
  • ([NOAA] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2023)
  • ([USGS] United States Geological Survey 2020)
  • ([IUCN] International Union for Conservation of Nature 2024)
  • ([WMO] World Meteorological Organization 2022)
  • ([ESA] European Space Agency 2021)
  • ([NSF] National Science Foundation 2018)
  • ([CSIRO] Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation 2023)
  • ([ECDC] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 2020)
  • ([FDA] Food and Drug Administration 2022)
  • ([NCBI] National Center for Biotechnology Information 2024)
  • ([UNESCO] United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 2017)
  • ([WWF] World Wide Fund for Nature 2020)
  • ([EFSA] European Food Safety Authority 2021)
  • ([USFWS] United States Fish and Wildlife Service 2019)
  • ([BAS] British Antarctic Survey 2023)
  • ([ICES] International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 2022)
  • (WHO 2020; CDC 2019)
  • (IPCC 2021; NOAA 2023)
  • (FAO 2019; USDA 2018; EPA 2021)
  • (Anonymous 2019)
  • (Anonymous 2021a, 2021b)
  • (Adebayo [date unknown])
  • (Thorne, unpublished data)
  • (Mwangi, personal communication)
  • (Hashimoto, forthcoming)
  • (Reyes, in press)
  • (Iqbal, submitted)
  • (Lombardi 2018, p. 112)
  • (Suzuki 2022, p. 7-9)
  • (Kaminski et al. 2016, fig. 2)
  • (Oduya 2019, table 4)
  • (Pereira 2020, chap. 6)
  • (Gallagher 2021, appendix B)
  • (Farouk 2020b, sect. 3.2)
  • (Eriksen 2019, eq. 5)
  • (Cisneros et al. 2018, supplementary material)
  • (Bhattacharya 2016, abstract)
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  • (Amadi 2016)
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  • (Castillo 2020)
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  • (Fischer 2015)
  • (Gutierrez 2017)
  • (Hakim 2019)
  • (Inoue 2021)
  • (Jablonski 2023)
  • (Kone 2025)
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  • (Amadi and Kone 2017)
  • (Brankovic and Devi 2019)
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  • (Ekstrom and Moyo 2023)
  • (Fischer and Hakim 2025)
  • (Gutierrez et al. 2016)
  • (Jablonski et al. 2018)
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  • (Amadi et al. 2024)
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  • (Fischer 2015, 2019, 2023)
  • (Hakim and Inoue 2019; Jablonski 2023; Kone 2025)
  • Amadi (2016) reported
  • Brankovic and Devi (2019) found
  • Castillo et al. (2020) showed
  • Ekstrom (2024) argued
  • Fischer and Hakim (2025) noted
  • Gutierrez et al. (2016) measured
  • According to Inoue (2021)
  • As Jablonski (2023) observed
  • Kone et al. (2025) concluded
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  • (Farouk 2020a, 2020b; Iqbal and Lombardi 2022, p. 605)
  • (Kaminski 2015, 2016; Dimitrov 2017, 2019)
  • Contrary to earlier reports (Varga 2016), Wilkins (2015) found
  • Reyes (2021, p. 3) noted that
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  • Thorne EA, editor. 2024. Urban ecology in a warming world. London: Routledge.
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  • Ilunga M. 2020. Mining and health in Katanga [master's thesis]. Lubumbashi: UL.
  • Kaminski P. 2016. Lynx monitoring protocol [technical report]. Krakow: INC.
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